As we discussed in the previous blog one of the methods to solve metastability is the Double Flop Synchroniser method. This method consists of two cascaded D flip-flops that sample the input signal with the destination clock. This design can …

Clock Domain Crossing (CDC) refers to the process and techniques used to manage data transfer between different clock domains within the digital system in either ASIC IC or FPGA. CDC is one where the data is transferred from one clock …

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are very popular to realize different critical functions related to any field of study. In this project, a simple exclusive-OR function is realized with the help of ANN. The purpose of the XOR function is to …

QR decomposition is another powerful technique to solve linear equations. In QR decomposition, the co-efficient matrix $A \in \mathcal{R}^{M\times K}$ need not to be a symmetric matrix. In special cases where the input signal is compressible or sparse, QR decomposition …

Gaussian Elimination (GE) is one of the most popular methods to solve an linear equation. GE algorithm is the only direct method which is of much interest to the researchers. This method considers that the co-efficient matrix is square. If …

In our previous tutorial, we have discussed about Cholesky decomposition which is a very important matrix factorization to solve a linear equation. But this technique has some drawbacks which are also discussed in the same tutorial. In this tutorial, we …

Cholesky decomposition is a very important matrix factorization technique which is used to solve a linear equation. This technique originally derives from very popular LU decomposition and very suitable for higher order matrices. In Cholesky decomposition, the co-efficient matrix $A$ …

Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is one of the matrix factorization techniques which can be used to solve linear equations. But this is not the primary objective of SVD. SVD can provide singular values of matrix. Singular values reveal unique information …

QR decomposition is one of the powerful matrix factorization techniques that is used to solve a linear equation, to find matrix inverse or to find pseudo-inverse. In this factorization technique, a matrix (A) is factorized into two matrices Q and …

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal is used in place of a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) to simplify the digital-to-analog conversion process. PWM is used when we need to generate analog voltage corresponding to some digital value. PWM is a …

Ultrasonic sensor is one of the most important sensors which are used for IoT applications. There are plenty of tutorials available in the internet which tells us how to interface an ultrasonic sensor with Arduino and other popular controllers. In …

Almost every FPGA boards are having seven segment display elements. These displays are very useful for displaying data in he form of BCD. Suppose, one design is implemented on FPGA and display of the result is required. Then the result …